土与结构相互作用体系振动台模型试验数值模拟研究(英文)

运用土与结构动力相互作用 (SSI)有限元三维分析软件 SASSI2 0 0 0对一个土与结构动力相互作用体系振动台模型试验进行了模拟计算。对振动台模型试验作了简单的介绍 ,并详细叙述了试验的建模方法。对于试验中的刚性地基和柔性地基条件 ,El- centro波、Taft波和 5 0年超越概率为 10 %的南京人工波等三种地震波输入 ,三个加速度峰值水平 0 .1g、0 .2 g、0 .3g及两个水平向地震波输入的各种组合工况均进行了计算。在数值计算中 ,假设地基土为覆盖于基岩上的半无限粘弹性水平成层土 ,采用等效线性模型考虑土的动力非线性的影响 ;上部结构用三维杆系有限元单元模拟 ,楼板用四结点壳单元模拟 ,每个结点有三个平动自由度和三个转动自由度 ,模型试验中所施加的人工质量均匀分布于壳单元上 ;基础视为平板基础 ,用八结点块体单元模拟 ,每个结点有三个平动自由度。将试验结果与计算结果进行对比较 ,结果表明 :计算所建立的模型较好地模拟了相互作用体系在地震荷载下的反应性状 ,计算结果与试验结果吻合较好 ,SSI效应对结构地震反应有很大影响     

黄土地基湿陷时桩的负摩阻力最大值出现深度研究

负摩阻力及中性点的定义表明,负摩阻力沿桩身(从桩顶两侧到中性点位置)的变化并不均匀,其间应存在一个最大值,最近的黄土地基浸水湿陷试验证明了这一点。本文利用该试验的资料,从理论上对桩的负摩阻力最大值出现深度进行分析研究,结果表明负摩阻力随深度的变化受到某一深度(如负摩阻力最大值处)以上土体有效重量和该深度桩周土体的有效沉降量这两个主要因素的制约,并由此推导出不同沉降性能土体湿陷时桩的负摩阻力最大值出现的深度。通过与实测资料的对比可见,本文提出的确定桩的负摩阻力最大值出现深度的理论是可信的,由此得到的计算黄土地基湿陷时桩身总的负摩阻力的方法更具合理性。     

土地利用变化驱动下的上海市区水灾灾情模拟

对上海市区近50年来的土地利用结构变化进行了重建，并计算了由土地利用变化引起的上海市区水位变化量。以特定的1962年水灾为参照，模拟在同等雨强情况下，由土地利用结构变化和地面沉降引起的淹没范围的变化以及由此带来的水灾损失的变化。结果表明，在49mm／d降水条件下，由于土地利用的变化，使2001年的径流系数比1950年增大了34．0％，2001年的水位比1950年增高了45．9％；2001年的水灾灾情为1950年的1．0629倍；即使在目前千年一遇的防洪标准下，亦可造成相当于2001年地均GDP值0．088％(约为4．5亿元人民币)的损失，这是1991年相应数值的220倍。     

MODELING HYDROLOGIC IMPACT OF WITHDRAWING THE GREAT LAKES WATER FOR AGRICULTURAL IRRIGATION1

ABSTRACT: Growing interest in agricultural irrigation in the Great Lakes basin presents an increasing competition to other uses of Great Lakes water. This paper, through a case study of the Mud Creek Irrigation District in the Saginaw Bay basin, Michigan, evaluates the potential hydrologic effects of withdrawing water for agricultural irrigation to the Great Lakes. Crop growth simulation models for corn, soybeans, dry beans, and the FAO Penman method were used to estimate the difference in evapotranspiration rates between irrigated and nonirrigated identical crops, based on climate, soil, and management data. The simulated results indicate that an additional 70–120 mm of water would be evapotranspirated during the growing season from irrigated crop fields as compared to nonirrigated identical plantings. Dependent upon the magnitude of irrigation expansion, an equivalent of about 1 to 5 mm of water from Lakes Huron-Michigan could be lost to the atmosphere. If agricultural irrigation further expands in the entire Great Lakes basin, the aggregated potential of water loss to the atmosphere through ET from all five Great Lakes would be even greater.     

VEGETATION INFLUENCE ON SMALL STREAM SILTATION1

ABSTRACT: A meandering stream channel was simulated in the Hydraulics Laboratory at Colorado State University and a series of tests was conducted using four types of vegetation to evaluate the potential effects of vegetation on sediment deposition and retention in a stream channel. The data collected included average flow velocity, flow depth, length of vegetation, density of vegetation, cross-sectional area of the vegetative stem, wetted perimeter of the vegetative stem, and injection and flushing time. The findings indicated that the vegetation could retain from 30 to 70 percent of the deposited sediments. The ability of vegetation to entrap and retain sediment is related to the length and cross-sectional area of the vegetation. The variables describing the flow and the vegetative properties were combined to form a predictive parameter, the sedimentation factor (S_d) that can be compared with the amount of sediment entrapped by vegetation in a stream system. A relation was developed correlating vegetation length to sediment retention after flushing for flexibility and rigid vegetation.     

热辐射的破坏准则和池火灾的破坏半径

热辐射破坏是发生在开放气环境中的池火灾的主要破坏机理。本文讨论了热辐射的破坏准则，提出预测池火灾破坏半径的方法，进行了数值模拟计算，分而和时纳了池火灾的基本规律     

双室火灾烟气特性的实验研究

本文在１／２缩尺建筑模型中，取双室－走廊结构，以标准木垛为火源，对建筑火灾的初始阶段进行了实验模拟。着重研究了火灾初期的烟气特性及其变化，包括烟气温度及烟气中ＣＯ＿２气体和炭颗粒浓度。本文目的在于在探索和发展中等尺寸火灾实验模拟手段和方法的同时，定性地确定火源功率对烟气特性的影响，并积累一定的实验数据，为建筑火灾的分析和模化提供实验基础和依据。     

INTEGRATED RIVER BASIN OPTIMIZATION: MODELING ECONOMIC AND HYDROLOGIC INTERDEPENDENCE1

ABSTRACT: This paper presents an integrated optimal control model that optimizes economic performance of reservoir management in watersheds in which there are significant economic and hydrologic interdependencies. The model is solved using the General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS). Results show that application of this model to New Mexico's Rio Chama basin can increase total system benefits over historical benefits by exploiting complementarities between hydroelectricity production, instream recreation, and downstream lake recreation.     

SCR反应塔入口段烟气速度场的数值模拟

使用商业计算软件CFX5．7．1，采用标准k-ε湍流模型，模拟了SCR脱硝反应塔入口段烟气速度场，并分析比较了导流板对烟气速度场的影响及均匀SCR反应塔进口处烟气速度场的作用。     

国内车辆可靠性强化试验技术的现状与发展趋势

车辆可靠性强化试验属于可靠性强化试验的一个应用分支.首先论述了车辆可靠性强化试验技术的理论基础;然后介绍了车辆试验场及试验道路的研究现状,综述了确定强化系数的各种方法.最后,指出车辆强化试验技术的今后的发展趋势.